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                  <text>Canadian Legal Systems</text>
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                  <text>Canada, law, legal systems, common law, civil law, aboriginal legal systems, oral traditions</text>
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                  <text>This section examines the legal systems that exist in Canada with a particular view to exploring the intersection of these systems with Canadian senses of identity.&#13;
&#13;
Canada has three primary legal traditions:  indigenous law, civil law, and common law. Indigenous law is a legal system based on the values of indigenous persons and includes the use of oral traditions in a central way. Common law is a legal system which derives law from judicial precedent. Civil law, in contrast, adjudicates civil matters and is based solely on codified statute.&#13;
&#13;
In this section, we emphasize the interactions and conflicts among Canadian legal systems, as well as the result of said conflict in the justice system. Finally, we examine recommendations to improve congruence among the systems especially vis-à-vis indigenous law.</text>
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                  <text>Samantha Davis&#13;
Xavier Monaghan&#13;
Xhesika Resuli&#13;
Dr. Theresa Miedema, ed.</text>
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                  <text>2016-2017</text>
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                <text>Royal Proclamation, 1763</text>
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                <text>From the website of the Government of Canada, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, "250th Anniversary of the Royal Proclamation of 1763": &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;"On October 7, 1763, King George III issued a Royal Proclamation establishing a new administrative structure for the recently acquired territories in North America. He also established new rules and protocols for future relations with First Nations people. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The Proclamation has two significant parts. First, it defined the land west of the established colonies as "Indian Territories", where First Nations people "should not be molested or disturbed" by settlers and where the Indian Department would be the primary liaison between the Crown and First Nations people; and second, in order to prevent any future abuse, the Proclamation prohibited colonial governors from making any grants or taking any land cessions from First Nations people and established a set of protocols and procedures for the purchasing of First Nations land."&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;See online: online: &lt;a href="https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370355181092/1370355203645" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370355181092/1370355203645&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>King George III of England </text>
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                <text>Image file: Royal Proclamation, King George III of England Issued October 7, 1763. Broadside. Library and Archives Canada, e010778430, AMICUS no. 7468714</text>
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                <text>PDF file: derived from Clarence S. Brigham, ed., British Royal Proclamations Relating to America, Volume 12, Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, Massachusetts: American Antiquarian Society, 1911), pp. 212-18, which reproduces the original text of the Proclamation printed by the King's Printer, Mark Baskett, in London in 1763.</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, "250th Anniversary of the Royal Proclamation of 1763", online: &lt;a href="https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370355181092/1370355203645" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370355181092/1370355203645&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Clarence S. Brigham, ed., British Royal Proclamations Relating to America, Volume 12, Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, Massachusetts: American Antiquarian Society, 1911), </text>
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                <text>Textual transcription credit:Clarence S. Brigham, ed., British Royal Proclamations Relating to America, Volume 12, Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, Massachusetts: American Antiquarian Society, 1911), </text>
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                <text>Government of Canada, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, "250th Anniversary of the Royal Proclamation of 1763", online: &lt;a href="https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370355181092/1370355203645" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370355181092/1370355203645&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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