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Metadata:Dating","Item Type Metadata:Author","Item Type Metadata:Translator","Item Type Metadata:Compiler","Item Type Metadata:Language","Item Type Metadata:Script","Item Type Metadata:Textual Layout","Item Type Metadata:Total Number of Folios","Item Type Metadata:Original Pagination","Item Type Metadata:Catalog Pagination","Item Type Metadata:File Pagination","Item Type Metadata:Item Title","Item Type Metadata:Genre","Item Type Metadata:Doxographical Category","Item Type Metadata:Colophons","Item Type Metadata:Ownership Inscriptions","Item Type Metadata:Signatures","Item Type Metadata:Recycling","Item Type Metadata:Variant Ink Colors","Item Type Metadata:Distinctive Punctuation","Item Type Metadata:Handwriting","Item Type Metadata:Other Features","Item Type Metadata:File","Item Type Metadata:Holding Institution","Item Type Metadata:Material","Item Type Metadata:Dimensions","Item Type Metadata:Condition","Item Type Metadata:Collation","Item Type Metadata:Place of Origin","Item Type Metadata:Provenance","Item Type Metadata:Text Type","Item Type Metadata:Foliation","Item Type Metadata:Layout","Item Type Metadata:Contents","Item Type Metadata:Exceprts","Item Type Metadata:Additions","Item Type Metadata:Notes","Item Type Metadata:Author of the Record","Item Type Metadata:Player",Zotero:Artist,"Zotero:Attorney Agent",Zotero:Author,"Zotero:Book Author",Zotero:Cartographer,"Zotero:Cast Member",Zotero:Commenter,Zotero:Composer,Zotero:Contributor,Zotero:Cosponsor,Zotero:Counsel,Zotero:Director,Zotero:Editor,Zotero:Guest,Zotero:Interviewee,Zotero:Interviewer,Zotero:Inventor,Zotero:Performer,Zotero:Podcaster,Zotero:Presenter,Zotero:Producer,Zotero:Programmer,Zotero:Recipient,"Zotero:Reviewed Author",Zotero:Scriptwriter,"Zotero:Series Editor",Zotero:Sponsor,Zotero:Translator,"Zotero:Words By","Zotero:Item Type",Zotero:Note,Zotero:DOI,Zotero:ISBN,Zotero:ISSN,"Zotero:Abstract Note","Zotero:Access Date","Zotero:Application Number",Zotero:Archive,"Zotero:Archive 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"Christie v. The York Corporation, [1940] S.C.R. 139",Canada,"In this case, Fred Christie, a Black man living in Montreal, sued the York Tavern after the latter refused to sell him a glass of beer. The case involved the freedom of contract, including the right to discriminate provided that there are no laws or regulations that would otherwise forbid such discrimination in the contractual context. (The case occurred well before any Canadian province had enacted human rights legislation.) The Majority of the Supreme Court of Canada held in favour of the York Tavern, rebuffing Christie's claims of discrimination and humiliation.
Of particular note is the decision of the dissenting judge, Mr. Justice Davis. At the time, any right to be free from discrimination was a collectively held right. That is, rights were not yet conceptualized as being held by individuals. Instead, one would have had to bring oneself within a group that enjoyed special protections or privileges in order to enjoy protections. As a Black man, Christie could have been construed as an outsider in the predominantly white Montreal. Davis J, however, notes a number of important traits about Christie that seem to bring Christie within the ""we"" group entitled to protection: Christie was originally from another British colony (Jamaica) that was a member of the Commonwealth; Christie had been in Canada for 20 years; he had a good job as a chauffeur; and, crucially, he was a Montreal Canadiens season's ticket holder. Furthermore, Davis J. was under the impression that Christie was attending a hockey game when he went to the tavern for that glass of beer. Christie had in fact been to the tavern before and had been served on previous occasions. The decision of Davis J. paints a picture of a Montrealer who was unfairly denied a glass of beer at a tavern connected to the Forum itself during a hockey game. Perhaps this understanding of who Christie was (an insider, a member of the ""we"" community) affected Davis J's interpretation of the law. Davis J found in favour of Christie.
One of the most interesting dimensions of the case involves a factual error made by Davis J. Davis J thought that Christie was attending a hockey game. He was not. The incident in question occurred on July 11, 1936. No one was playing hockey at the Forum on that particular night. Instead, there was a boxing match taking place. Boxing was (and arguably still is) a highly racialized sport. There apparently were concerns about racial tensions in Montreal as a result of the boxing match. This may explain why Christie, who had been served beer on other occasions at the York Tavern, was not welcome on this particular occasion. Blacks and whites could watch hockey together, but not boxing. In this regard, the case illustrates how race is mapped out onto the city of Montreal and its social life and how Black men like Fred Christie had to navigate the space in his life, which could alternately be safe or discriminatory, depending on the context.","Supreme Court of Canada","Christie v. The York Corporation, [1940] S.C.R. 139","Supreme Court of Canada","May 10, 1939",,"(c) Supreme Court of Canada",,"text file/PDF",English,Text,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"canada,discrimination,hockey,human rights,race,racial identity,sports,Supreme Court of Canada",https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/c2f3c4d9355ad79ea5b91127965bddd8.pdf,Text,"Race, Space, and Place",1,0
"Vancouver Sun (Re), [2004] 2 S.C.R. 332, 2004 SCC 43",Canada,"This Supreme Court of Canada decision addresses the Open Court Principle in the context of a judicial investigative hearing pursuant to s. 83.28 of the Canadian Criminal Code. The case involved an accused person related to the Air India bombing case. In this particular case, the hearing judge granted a motion brought the Crown for an ex parte hearing. The hearing judge ordered the hearing to occur in camera and without notice to the accused. The Vancouver Sun sought an order to make the court proceedings open to the public, which was denied. The battle for access to the hearing itself and for the records of the hearing (rather than a synopsis provided by the hearing judge) eventually made its way to the Supreme Court of Canada.","Supreme Court of Canada","Vancouver Sun (Re), [2004] 2 S.C.R. 332, 2004 SCC 43 via Lexum: https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2157/index.do","Supreme Court of Canada","June 23, 2004",,"(c) Supreme Court of Canada",,"text file/pdf",English,text,"Vancouver Sun (Re), [2004] 2 S.C.R. 332, 2004 SCC 43",,Text,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"canada,courts,openness,press bans,publication bans,Supreme Court of Canada,values",https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/76bc003cee2601d02e90a3dbfa31f38d.pdf,Text,"Canadian Values",1,0
"Interior of the Old Supreme Court of Canada",Canada,"This is a photograph of the interior of Canada's Supreme Court of Canada in 1890. At this time, the Supreme Court of Canada was not the highest court in Canada. Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada could be appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.","William James Topley",Private,"William James Topley, ""Interior of the Old Supreme Court of Canada"" (1890), via: Library and Archives Canada",1890,,"Public Domain","Library and Archives Canada records: http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&rec_nbr=3422514","image file/jpeg",,Photograph,"Online MIKAN no. 3422514 (1 item)
",,,,,,,,Photograph,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"canada,courts,history,openness,Supreme Court of Canada,transparency,values",https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/1033733bbb6f3781048a66b4f13a2999.jpg,"Still Image","Canadian Values",1,0
"Signage outside the Supreme Court, Canada",Canada,"This photograph shows signage outside the Supreme Court of Canada in Ottawa, ON.","Shankar S.","Shankar S.""Signage Outside the Supreme Court of Canada"" via Flikr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/shankaronline/20129449214","Self-published via Flikr","June 2015",,"Shankar S. CC-By- 2.0 via Flikr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/shankaronline/20129449214",,"image file/pdf",,Photograph,,,,,,,,,Photograph,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"canada,openness,Supreme Court of Canada,transparency,values",https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/0998f46ca33b714550fcf10f2743ee99.jpg,"Still Image","Canadian Values",1,0
"Signage outside the Supreme Court, Canada",Canada,"This photograph shows signage outside the Supreme Court of Canada in Ottawa, ON.","Shankar S.","Shankar S.""Signage Outside the Supreme Court of Canada"" via Flikr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/shankaronline/20129449214","Self-published via Flikr","June 2015",,"Shankar S. CC-By- 2.0 via Flikr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/shankaronline/20129449214",,"image file/pdf",,Photograph,,,,,,,,,Photograph,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"canada,openness,Supreme Court of Canada,transparency,values",https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/8b6d956b65672284fdac9be617eb2680.jpg,"Still Image","Canadian Values",1,0
"Lamb v. Benoit et al., [1959] S.C.R. 321","Canada, law, civil rights, religion","This is a hyperlink to the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Lamb v. Benoit (1959). Louise Lamb was arrested in 1946 while distributing pamphlets on the street in Quebec. Police believed she was distributing the pamphlet “Quebec’s Burning Hate” which was considered
seditious. She was not actually distributing this pamphlet. She was held in jail over a weekend, and then police offered to release her without charge if she agreed to sign a release of liability for her detention. She refused to sign, and she was then charged with publishing and as being a party to a conspiracy to publish the pamphlet ""Quebec's Burning Hate"". The charges were later dismissed at a preliminary inquiry. She then sued the police officers involved. The Supreme Court of Canada upheld her action and awarded her $2500 in damages.
This case forms part of set of cases that were described as creating Canada's implied bill of rights.
She then brought an action against the police that had arrested her. The Supreme Court
supported her action and assessed the damages at $2500.","Supreme Court of Canda",Lexum,"Supreme Court of Canada",1959,,"(c) Supreme Court of Canada",,Hyperlink,English,Hyperlink,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/7356/index.do,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"canada,civil rights,Jehovah's Witnesses,Quebec,religion,Supreme Court of Canada",https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/34b8f39110f40a1d68711df06f74527d.pdf,Text,"Jehovah's Witnesses in Quebec",1,0
"Roncarelli v. Duplessis, [1959] S.C.R. 121","Canada, civil rights, constitutional law, administrative law, Quebec, Jehovah's Witnesses, religion","This is the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in Roncarelli v. Duplessis (1959). Roncarelli had provoked the ire of Premier Duplessis by posting bail for members of the Jehovah's Witnesses who had been arrested for distributing pamphlets. Duplessis viewed the Jehovah's Witnesses as a threat to the Catholic church. In retaliation against Roncarelli, Duplessis suspended the liquor licence of Roncarelli's restaurant, Quaff. Roncarelli sued for damages. The Supreme Court of Canada held that Duplessis had acted without legal authority and therefore was liable for damages. The case constitutes one of the key cases that was said to create an ""implied bill of rights"" for Canadians.","Supreme Court of Canada","Supreme Court of Canada","Supreme Court of Canada. Official citation: Roncarelli v. Duplessis, [1959] S.C.R. 121",1959,,"(c) Supreme Court of Canada",,Hyperlink,English,Hyperlink,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2751/index.do",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"administrative law,canada,civil rights,constitutional law,Duplessis,freedom of religion,Jehovah's Witnesses,Quebec,Roncarelli,Supreme Court of Canada",https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/9f2f5a493d673ca9fd67b95969c07e03.pdf,Text,"Jehovah's Witnesses in Quebec",1,0