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                  <text>Canada, law, history, Chinese Head Tax, xenophobia</text>
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                  <text>Raoof Zamanifar&#13;
Ed. Dr. Theresa E. Miedema</text>
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              <text>0:00Mr Speaker I rise today to formally turn the page on an unfortunate . and&#13;
0:06candidates path . during which a group of people people who only thought to&#13;
0:12build a better life were repeatedly and deliberately singled out for unjust&#13;
0:16treatment&#13;
0:17I speak of course of the head tax that was imposed on chinese immigrants to&#13;
0:21this country as well as the other restrictive measures to follow&#13;
0:25look at the dock and comments all should be the setup of the queue day started so&#13;
0:31far they have is the drive is Shin Hwa Yong comments they are a dvo media to&#13;
0:38DWTS almost exclusively young men these chinese immigrants made the difficult&#13;
0:44decision to leave their families behind in order to pursue opportunities in the&#13;
0:49country halfway around the world they called gold Mountain beginning in 1881&#13;
0:55over 15,000 of these Chinese five years became involved in the most important&#13;
1:01nation building enterprise in Canadian history the construction of the canadian&#13;
1:05pacific railway for the shores of the st. Lawrence across the seemingly&#13;
1:09endless endless expanses of shield and prairie climbing the majestic Rockies&#13;
1:14and cutting through the rugged terrain of British Columbia this&#13;
1:17transcontinental links with the ribbon of steel that down our fledgling country&#13;
1:22together&#13;
1:22it was an engineering feat that was instrumental to the settlement of the&#13;
1:26West and the subsequent development of the Canadian economy and one for which&#13;
1:31the back-breaking toil of Chinese laborers was largely responsible&#13;
1:36the conditions under which these men worked were at best harsh and at times&#13;
1:42impossible&#13;
1:43tragically some 1,000 Chinese laborers died during the building of the CPR but&#13;
1:51in spite of it all these chinese immigrants persevered and in doing so&#13;
1:55helps to ensure the future of this country but from the moment the railway&#13;
2:01was complete&#13;
2:02canada&#13;
2:03turn it back on these men beginning with the chinese immigration activists you&#13;
2:09need five and head back to fifty dollars was imposed on Chinese newcomers in an&#13;
2:15attempt to determine bration not content with the taxes affect the government&#13;
2:21subsequently raised the amounts of one hundred dollars in nineteen hundred and&#13;
2:24then to five hundred dollars in 1903 the equivalent of two years wages this tax&#13;
2:32remain in place until 19 23 when the government amended the chinese&#13;
2:37immigration act and effectively banned most chinese immigrants until nineteen&#13;
2:42forty-seven similar legislation existed in the dominion of newfoundland which&#13;
2:47also oppose the head tax between 1906 in 1949 with Newfoundland join&#13;
2:52Confederation the Government of Canada recognizes the stigma and exclusion&#13;
2:58experienced by the Chinese as a result we acknowledge the high cost of the head&#13;
3:04tax meant that many many family members were left behind in China never to be&#13;
3:09reunited for the families with the part and it's so in some cases in extreme&#13;
3:14poverty for years&#13;
3:16we also recognize that our failure to truly our failure to truly acknowledge&#13;
3:23these historical injustice has prevented many in the community from seeing&#13;
3:28themselves as Polly connait pas de quoi stay calm&#13;
3:31two places on loan to the account of danice's for them on to Canada you're&#13;
3:37putting us on today's excuse confident&#13;
3:40ok and again the mechana jams on a pinch in laws for that accidentally a new song&#13;
3:45profound am on disability&#13;
3:47the next use on these even on PSP therefore mr. speaker&#13;
3:52once again on behalf of the people and government of canada&#13;
3:56we offer a full apology to chinese Canadians for the heads tasks and&#13;
4:02express our deepest sorrow for the subsequent&#13;
4:04solution a chinese immigrants god I didn't&#13;
4:25yeah&#13;
4:42yeah&#13;
4:49mr. speaker this apology is not about liabilities day it is no reconciliation&#13;
4:56with those who enjoyed such hardship and the broader chinese-canadian community&#13;
5:01one that continues to make such an invaluable contribution to this great&#13;
5:05country and well Canadian parts of rules that the head tax and immigration&#13;
5:09prohibition illegally authorizes time we fully accept the more responsibility to&#13;
5:15acknowledge the sample policies of our path for over six decades is race based&#13;
5:22financial measures in solely at the Chinese were implemented with&#13;
5:27deliberation by the canadian state&#13;
5:29this is a grave injustice and one we are more of morally obligated to acknowledge&#13;
5:35to give some standard meaning to today's apology&#13;
5:38the Government of Canada will offer some olive payments the living head taxpayers&#13;
5:43and living spouses of the sea space&#13;
5:45in addition we will establish funds to help finance community projects and&#13;
5:51acknowledging the impasse the passport I'm measures and immigration restriction&#13;
5:55and the head time on the Chinese Canadian community and on other ethnic&#13;
6:00cultural community&#13;
6:01Oh can pay off our debt from two days old&#13;
6:08look at that company there are telepaths e-news are some calcium to swap the&#13;
6:16purple can again use able&#13;
6:19it probably 20 rates of white house is late father please get off&#13;
6:24you said phosphate and even though the head tax a product of a profoundly&#13;
6:30different time life are in our path we feel compelled to write this historic&#13;
6:36wrong for the simple reason that it is the decent thing to do a characteristic&#13;
6:42to be found at the core of the Canadian soul&#13;
6:45mr. speaker in closing let me assure the house is this government will&#13;
6:50continually strive to ensure that similar unjust practices are never&#13;
6:54allowed to have&#13;
6:55game we have the collective responsibility two days to build a&#13;
6:59country based firmly on the notion of equality of opportunity regardless of&#13;
7:04one's race arrested work&#13;
7:06RDX or sorrow over the races erase actions of our past will nurture and&#13;
7:12unwavering commitment to build a better life for all tourney&#13;
7:16now people who&#13;
7:25yeah&#13;
&#13;
Published on Jun 22, 2016</text>
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                <text>Hansard record of apology: http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&amp;Mode=1&amp;Parl=39&amp;Ses=1&amp;DocId=2319090#OOB-1619175</text>
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                  <text>Raoof Zamanifar&#13;
Ed. Dr. Theresa E. Miedema</text>
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                <text>Report of the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration. Report and Evidence, 1885.</text>
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                <text>Chapleau, Joseph-Adolphe, Sir, 1840-1898</text>
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                <text>Library and Archives Canada, Report of the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration. Report and Evidence, 1885.</text>
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                <text>Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21: http://www.pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/royal-commission-on-chinese-immigration-1885</text>
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                <text>Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/cu31924023463940</text>
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                <text>Cornell University Library</text>
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                  <text>Raoof Zamanifar&#13;
Ed. Dr. Theresa E. Miedema</text>
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              <text>0:00thank you for coming here today to&#13;
0:03witness premier Christy car into the OC&#13;
0:05government motion we got increase&#13;
0:07Columbia's apology to chinese Canadians&#13;
0:10for historical wrongs today is a&#13;
0:14historic day and the combination of the&#13;
0:18tremendous work of BC's public servants&#13;
0:21input from the public consultation&#13;
0:24process feet perform you each and every&#13;
0:27one of you&#13;
0:29the community and its leaders like&#13;
0:32everyone in this room I too am filled&#13;
0:34with emotions joy at the moment sorrow&#13;
0:40at our past and optimism for our future&#13;
0:43and in the nineteen-twenties unanimity&#13;
0:47towards racist policies unanimity&#13;
0:50towards withholding human rights&#13;
0:52happened right here and a hundred years&#13;
0:55later it's unanimity that recognizes&#13;
0:58that was wrong in its unanimity of&#13;
1:01political ideas and political&#13;
1:02convictions that are put aside to ensure&#13;
1:05that all of us recognize and understands&#13;
1:08what happened in this problems with this&#13;
1:10apology today we cannot undo this wrong&#13;
1:13and we must never erase it&#13;
1:17it is a stain on our history but it's a&#13;
1:21piece of history we are obliged to&#13;
1:22remember because there is no truer thing&#13;
1:26than the fact that if you forget your&#13;
1:28history you are doomed to repeat it&#13;
1:31we are better today in British Columbia&#13;
1:35we are better because of the&#13;
1:36contributions of immigrants from all&#13;
1:38over the world who helped build this&#13;
1:40place together and we are going to&#13;
1:43continue to strive to be better all the&#13;
1:47time&#13;
1:48this is one important step on that path&#13;
1:50in offering a formal apology for those&#13;
1:54historical wrongs that were done and&#13;
1:56finding a new chapter in reconciliation&#13;
1:58with those who were so reparable harmed&#13;
2:01by acts of government in this house</text>
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                <text>Government of British Columbia: &lt;a href="https://news.gov.bc.ca/06232" target="_blank"&gt;https://news.gov.bc.ca/06232&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Formal apology to Chinese Canadians" (British Columbia)</text>
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                  <text>Raoof Zamanifar&#13;
Ed. Dr. Theresa E. Miedema</text>
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                <text> Chinese at work on C.P.R. (Canadian Pacific Railway) in Mountains, 1884</text>
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                <text>Boorne &amp; May. Library and Archives Canada, C-006686B / Boorne &amp; May. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, C-006686B</text>
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                <text>Online: Collections Canada: https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/chinese-canadians/021022-119.01-e.php?&amp;document_id_nbr=73&amp;interval=9&amp;q1=Photo&amp;page_sequence_nbr=1&amp;&amp;PHPSESSID=n1i6crk0eabfa8ia2b2i11bvq5</text>
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                <text>CC BY 2.0, Ernest Brown</text>
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