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                  <text>This section examines the legal systems that exist in Canada with a particular view to exploring the intersection of these systems with Canadian senses of identity.&#13;
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Canada has three primary legal traditions:  indigenous law, civil law, and common law. Indigenous law is a legal system based on the values of indigenous persons and includes the use of oral traditions in a central way. Common law is a legal system which derives law from judicial precedent. Civil law, in contrast, adjudicates civil matters and is based solely on codified statute.&#13;
&#13;
In this section, we emphasize the interactions and conflicts among Canadian legal systems, as well as the result of said conflict in the justice system. Finally, we examine recommendations to improve congruence among the systems especially vis-à-vis indigenous law.</text>
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                  <text>Samantha Davis&#13;
Xavier Monaghan&#13;
Xhesika Resuli&#13;
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                <text>Sections 25 and 35 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms address how rights protected under the Charter will intersect with existing rights held by Canada's Indigenous peoples.  Section 25 guarantees that no rights protected under the Charter will be used to abrogate or derogate from right belonging to Aboriginal people (including land rights and rights under the Royal Proclamation), . Section 35 provides distinct recognition and affirmation of existing Aboriginal and Treaty rights. This is an important step in amalgamating common law and Aboriginal law traditions.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms&lt;/em&gt;, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11, online: &lt;a href="http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This document is a decision of LeBlanc J (NBPC) in &lt;em&gt;R. v. Comeau&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;R v Comeau&lt;/em&gt;, 2016 NBPC 3). Comeau was charged under the New Brunswick Liquor Control Act for having in his possession liquor that he purchased outside the Province of New Brunswick. Mr. Comeau had purchased 354 bottles or cans of beer and three bottles of liquor in Quebec and had brought these items into New Brunswick. At trial, he challenged the constitutional validity of the provincial legislation in question pursuant to s. 121 of the Canadian Constitution. Le Blanc J found in favour of Mr. Comeau, holding that the Liquor Control Act did violate the Canadian Constitution. In his decision, Le Blanc J wrote: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;“I find that the speeches and orations from the Fathers of Confederation prior to the enactment of the British North America Act, 1867, conclusively point to their desire to implement free trade as opposed to the elimination of customs duties as between the provinces,”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The Attorney General of New Brunswick appealed this decision to the New Brunswick Court of Appeal. The Court of Appeal rejected the appeal in October, 2016. See:&lt;em&gt; R v Comeau&lt;/em&gt;, 2016 CanLII 73665 (NB CA), &amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://canlii.ca/t/gvd55" target="_blank"&gt;http://canlii.ca/t/gvd55&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;, retrieved on 2017-03-10.</text>
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                <text>R v Comeau, 2016 NBPC 3 (CanLII), &amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://canlii.ca/t/gpr3f" target="_blank"&gt;http://canlii.ca/t/gpr3f&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;, retrieved on 2017-03-10 </text>
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                <text>This hyperlink leads to a CBC news story about Quebec's decision to repeal its margarine legislation.  This legislation (which was similar to legislation in other provinces) required manufacturers of margarine to ensure that the product's colour was sufficiently different from that of butter to ensure that consumers could not confuse the two.  Quebec was the last Canadian province to repeal margarine legislation.  This CBC news story reports on the history of margarine regulation in the province, including the legal battles that preceded the repeal of the legislation.</text>
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                <text>""Resolving Canada's conflicted relationship with margarine"", (July 9, 2008) CBC News online: &lt;a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/resolving-canada-s-conflicted-relationship-with-margarine-1.741363" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/resolving-canada-s-conflicted-relationship-with-margarine-1.741363&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This collection focuses on the experiences of Jehovah's Witnesses in Quebec under Premier Duplessis.</text>
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                  <text>Julia Cross</text>
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                  <text>TRN 304Y, Law and Social Issues, 2016-2017</text>
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                  <text>Trinity College in the University of Toronto</text>
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                  <text>1950 - 1969</text>
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                  <text>Ed. Dr. Theresa Miedema</text>
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              <text>https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2736/index.do</text>
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                <text>Saumur v. City of Quebec</text>
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                <text>Canada, Supreme Court of Canada, Quebec, civil rights, Jehovah's Witnesses, constitutional law</text>
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                <text>This is a link to a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada.  Laurier Samur, a practicing Jehovah’s Witness challenged a City of Quebec by-law that forbade &#13;
the distribution in the street of the City of any book, pamphlet, booklet, circular, tract, etc &#13;
without permission from the Chief of Police. In a 5-4 majority decision, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld this piece of legislation.</text>
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                <text>Lexum: https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2736/index.do</text>
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                <text>Supreme Court of Canada: 	[1953] 2 SCR 299</text>
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                <text>(c) Supreme Court of Canada</text>
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                <text>Lexum</text>
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                <text>hyperlink</text>
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        <name>Jehovah's Witnesses</name>
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        <name>Quebec</name>
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