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                <text>What do "Canadians" look like?</text>
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                <text>Canada, law, identity, culture</text>
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                <text>&amp;lt;img src="images/&lt;span&gt;Canadian_Niqab"&lt;/span&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="c877c6569c81c5d5cb095b2ca53efadd.jpg"&gt;c877c6569c81c5d5cb095b2ca53efadd.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/c877c6569c81c5d5cb095b2ca53efadd.jpg"&gt;https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/c877c6569c81c5d5cb095b2ca53efadd.jpg&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Hannah Lazare&#13;
Dr. Theresa Miedema, ed.</text>
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                <text>&lt;img src="images/Canadian_niqab"&gt;</text>
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            <text>&lt;a title="R v NS 2012 SCC 72" href="https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/12779/index.do"&gt;https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/12779/index.do&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v. NS (2012)</text>
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              <text>court decision, Supreme Court of Canada, niqab, freedom of religion, witness</text>
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              <text>Supreme Court of Canada decision in a criminal law case. NS was the complainant in a sexual assault.  During the preliminary inquiry, NS sought to testify wearing a niqab. Defence counsel challenged her request on the argument that the right to a fair trial includes the right to see the complainant's/witness's face while that person testifies.  NS asserted her freedom of religion.  The case involved Charter rights that appeared to be in conflict (freedom of religion versus the right to a fair trial). The Court set out how such conflicts must be addressed, in particular in a case where the witness/complainant asserted the right to wear the niqab.  In this particular case, a majority of the Court held that NS must remove her niqab, as the balancing of rights in this case favoured the right to a fair trial and the right to see a complainant's face.</text>
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              <text>Judgments of the Supreme Court of Canada via Lexum: &lt;a href="https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/12779/index.do"&gt;https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/12779/index.do&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Neutral citation for decision: R. v. NS, 2012 SCC 72</text>
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              <text>Supreme Court of Canada via Lexum</text>
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              <text>2012</text>
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              <text>Supreme Court of Canada</text>
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              <text>Website containing judgment</text>
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      <name>NS</name>
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