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                <text>Canadian Legal Systems</text>
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                <text>Canada, law, legal systems, common law, civil law, aboriginal legal systems, oral traditions</text>
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                <text>This section examines the legal systems that exist in Canada with a particular view to exploring the intersection of these systems with Canadian senses of identity.&#13;
&#13;
Canada has three primary legal traditions:  indigenous law, civil law, and common law. Indigenous law is a legal system based on the values of indigenous persons and includes the use of oral traditions in a central way. Common law is a legal system which derives law from judicial precedent. Civil law, in contrast, adjudicates civil matters and is based solely on codified statute.&#13;
&#13;
In this section, we emphasize the interactions and conflicts among Canadian legal systems, as well as the result of said conflict in the justice system. Finally, we examine recommendations to improve congruence among the systems especially vis-à-vis indigenous law.</text>
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                <text>Samantha Davis&#13;
Xavier Monaghan&#13;
Xhesika Resuli&#13;
Dr. Theresa Miedema, ed.</text>
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              <text>Thinking About Indigenous Legal Orders</text>
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              <text>In this paper, the author explores how we might understand law from an Aboriginal perspective.  She makes a critical distinction between "legal systems" and "legal order".  She explores the sources of law, the kinds of law, legal reasoning, and the idea of legitimacy.  She also probes the questions of where Indigenous laws are written and the geographic/territorial dimension to the law.  She further considers issues related to gender and power.</text>
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              <text>Val Napoleon</text>
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              <text>National Centre for First Nations Governance</text>
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              <text>National Centre for First Nations Governance, online: http://fngovernance.org/ncfng_research/val_napoleon.pdf</text>
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              <text>(c) Val Napoleon</text>
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              <text>National Centre for First Nations Governance</text>
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              <text>National Centre for First Nations Governance website: &lt;a href="http://fngovernance.org/" target="_blank"&gt;http://fngovernance.org/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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