<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="2422" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2422?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-05-22T20:39:15-04:00">
  <fileContainer>
    <file fileId="1204">
      <src>https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/7eb48abd1214410228dc8afab97bbe88.jpg</src>
      <authentication>d2ee2b9ecde72a7a3685800ee8a10acb</authentication>
    </file>
    <file fileId="1207">
      <src>https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/e2badaf9063dd87f5ed33c5a589cbc83.jpg</src>
      <authentication>60d86c697796dc8d5b37521ab1d3e12f</authentication>
    </file>
    <file fileId="1210">
      <src>https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/d5e9968543fd6cf30bdc59d528654fb1.jpg</src>
      <authentication>d8321129ec38de31a31e84fec1adba3d</authentication>
    </file>
    <file fileId="1213">
      <src>https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/481eaec90e68d40419912f2789c7c131.jpg</src>
      <authentication>2979330109514fead0f4591a84ac6f1f</authentication>
    </file>
  </fileContainer>
  <collection collectionId="68">
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7745">
                <text>Canadian Legal Systems</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7748">
                <text>Canada, law, legal systems, common law, civil law, aboriginal legal systems, oral traditions</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7751">
                <text>This section examines the legal systems that exist in Canada with a particular view to exploring the intersection of these systems with Canadian senses of identity.&#13;
&#13;
Canada has three primary legal traditions:  indigenous law, civil law, and common law. Indigenous law is a legal system based on the values of indigenous persons and includes the use of oral traditions in a central way. Common law is a legal system which derives law from judicial precedent. Civil law, in contrast, adjudicates civil matters and is based solely on codified statute.&#13;
&#13;
In this section, we emphasize the interactions and conflicts among Canadian legal systems, as well as the result of said conflict in the justice system. Finally, we examine recommendations to improve congruence among the systems especially vis-à-vis indigenous law.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7754">
                <text>Samantha Davis&#13;
Xavier Monaghan&#13;
Xhesika Resuli&#13;
Dr. Theresa Miedema, ed.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7757">
                <text>2016-2017</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7760">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7763">
                <text>Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </collection>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13846">
              <text>Excerpts from &lt;em&gt;Connolly v. Woolrich et al.&lt;/em&gt; (1867), 17 R.J.R.Q. 75</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="49">
          <name>Subject</name>
          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13849">
              <text>Canada</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="13852">
              <text>common law</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="13855">
              <text>civil law</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="13858">
              <text>Indigenous law</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="13861">
              <text>legal systems</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13864">
              <text>These files contain excerpts from &lt;em&gt;Connolly v. Woolrich et al.&lt;/em&gt; , an important 1867 case. This case considered the legality of a marriage between a man employed by the Hudson Bay and an indigenous woman. The wedding was not performed by a priest, but rather, in accordance with indigenous traditions. The progeny of this relationship later made claim to the man’s estate upon his death; however, the man had married once again in a recognized institution upon his retirement. His widow claimed the previous marriage was invalid and the son was entitled to nothing. Monk J. disagreed. He reasoned that we must not abrogate indigenous traditions in favour of our own without good reason; rather, we ought to consider such traditions alongside our own legal traditions. Ultimately, Monk J. went on the record to say that indigenous rights and customs mattered, to some degree, as much as those of the European settlers.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13867">
              <text>Quebec Superior Court per Monk J</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="48">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13870">
              <text>&lt;em&gt;Connolly v. Woolrich et al.&lt;/em&gt; (1867), 17 R.J.R.Q. 75</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="45">
          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13873">
              <text>Superior Court of Quebec</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="40">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13876">
              <text>July 9, 1867</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="47">
          <name>Rights</name>
          <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13879">
              <text>Quebec Superior Court</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="46">
          <name>Relation</name>
          <description>A related resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13882">
              <text>For a link to the full text of the case, see: &lt;a href="http://documents.mx/documents/connolly-v-woolrich-1867.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://documents.mx/documents/connolly-v-woolrich-1867.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="42">
          <name>Format</name>
          <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13885">
              <text>image files/jpeg</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="44">
          <name>Language</name>
          <description>A language of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13888">
              <text>English</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="51">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13891">
              <text>Text</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
  <tagContainer>
    <tag tagId="366">
      <name>Aboriginal legal traditions</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="9">
      <name>canada</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="382">
      <name>civil law</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="379">
      <name>common law</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="357">
      <name>Indigenous law</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="353">
      <name>legal order</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="294">
      <name>legal systems</name>
    </tag>
  </tagContainer>
</item>
