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                <text>Canadian Legal Systems</text>
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                <text>Canada, law, legal systems, common law, civil law, aboriginal legal systems, oral traditions</text>
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                <text>This section examines the legal systems that exist in Canada with a particular view to exploring the intersection of these systems with Canadian senses of identity.&#13;
&#13;
Canada has three primary legal traditions:  indigenous law, civil law, and common law. Indigenous law is a legal system based on the values of indigenous persons and includes the use of oral traditions in a central way. Common law is a legal system which derives law from judicial precedent. Civil law, in contrast, adjudicates civil matters and is based solely on codified statute.&#13;
&#13;
In this section, we emphasize the interactions and conflicts among Canadian legal systems, as well as the result of said conflict in the justice system. Finally, we examine recommendations to improve congruence among the systems especially vis-à-vis indigenous law.</text>
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                <text>Samantha Davis&#13;
Xavier Monaghan&#13;
Xhesika Resuli&#13;
Dr. Theresa Miedema, ed.</text>
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                <text>Canada</text>
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              <text>Sections 25 and 35 of the Canadian &lt;em&gt;Charter of Rights and Freedoms&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <text>Sections 25 and 35 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms address how rights protected under the Charter will intersect with existing rights held by Canada's Indigenous peoples.  Section 25 guarantees that no rights protected under the Charter will be used to abrogate or derogate from right belonging to Aboriginal people (including land rights and rights under the Royal Proclamation), . Section 35 provides distinct recognition and affirmation of existing Aboriginal and Treaty rights. This is an important step in amalgamating common law and Aboriginal law traditions.</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms&lt;/em&gt;, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11</text>
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              <text>Government of Canada, Department of Justice, Laws website, online: &lt;a href="http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>(c) Government of Canada</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms&lt;/em&gt;, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11, online: &lt;a href="http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms&lt;/em&gt;, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11</text>
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