Publishing History of the Centre for Criminology
“Prof. Edwards believes that the Centre of Criminology’s work has influenced (he calls it an ‘unseen contribution’) the judiciary and the agencies responsible for the criminal justice system” (“Edwards influences criminal justice system”, 3 Oct 1975)
The publications at the Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies over the past 60 years at the University of Toronto are innovative, insightful, and integral to how we study criminology. The publications at the Centre are not only diverse in their topics but instrumental to the development of criminology as a discipline in Canada and internationally. Topics ranging from juvenile offenders to motorcycle gangs provide valuable and immense research that ultimately helps us understand human nature, society, and criminal behavior. One of the earliest books published at the Centre in 1964 is titled Proceedings of the National Conference of Judges on Sentencing. This conference was convened by the Centre for Criminology and included government officials and judges that discussed sentencing in Canada along with its practices, the parole board, and factors that impact sentencing. The Centre founder, John L.J. Edwards attended this conference and contributed to the publication of multiple other books at the Centre.
There are a variety of notable publications that the Centre has in its collection. The book Police Governance in First Nations in Ontario provides insight into the relationship that police have with the Indigenous community in Canada. This relationship is important to understanding the effects that colonization has on institutions in Canada and how Indigenous peoples are treated by police and the government. Another book, The Violence Prediction Scheme uses a formula that is devised to predict violent behavior among men and allow researchers and clinicians to use when determining criminal behavior.
The unique contributions of the Centre have certainly shaped where we now stand in the discipline of criminology and the future of approaching criminal behavior, activity, and the administration of criminal justice. The valuable research and knowledge that resides in the walls of the Centre will continue to shape criminology and ultimately, the society we live in.
“There is no decision in the criminal process that is so complicated and so difficult to make as that of the sentencing judge”
Hogarth, J. (1971). Sentencing as a Human Process. University of Toronto Press.
Sentencing as a Human Process was published in 1974 and is edited by the Centre for Criminology founder, John L.J. Edwards. In the foreword of the book, Edwards discusses the importance and value of exploring criminology through an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the law and the sciences. This approach, according to Edwards, is necessary when sentencing offenders in Canada, as it not only affects their liberty and freedom but also sets a precedent for future offenders. As such, the philosophy and principles behind sentencing should be crafted through an approach that achieves the best outcome and utilizes all resources and knowledge available—from all disciplines. Yet, the extent to which offenders should be rehabilitated through reduced sentencing and self-improvement, strictly punished, or neither is a principle of sentencing that both Edwards and John Hogarth discuss in the book. These qualities make sentencing a particularly central factor of the criminal justice process that can be a determinant of future engagement in crime. John Hogarth’s focus on the judicial system and its relationship with sentencing is both noteworthy and important to the contributions of the Centre.
“The danger of disillusionment with our penal methods is very real and must not be underestimated” (Foreword, John L.J. Edwards)
Promotional card for Men Released From Prison (J. L.J. Edwards, Ed.). University of Toronto Press
Sentencing as a Human Process was published in 1974 and is edited by the Centre for Criminology founder, John L.J. Edwards. In the foreword of the book, Edwards discusses the importance and value of exploring criminology through an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the law and the sciences. This approach, according to Edwards, is necessary when sentencing offenders in Canada, as it not only affects their liberty and freedom but also sets a precedent for future offenders. As such, the philosophy and principles behind sentencing should be crafted through an approach that achieves the best outcome and utilizes all resources and knowledge available—from all disciplines. Yet, the extent to which offenders should be rehabilitated through reduced sentencing and self-improvement, strictly punished, or neither is a principle of sentencing that both Edwards and John Hogarth discuss in the book. These qualities make sentencing a particularly central factor of the criminal justice process that can be a determinant of future engagement in crime. John Hogarth’s focus on the judicial system and its relationship with sentencing is both noteworthy and important to the contributions of the Centre.
“Feminist Criminology” and Other Terms That Have Shaped the Study of Criminology
Ericson, R. V., Shearing, C. D., & Gladstone, J. (Eds.). (1991). Criminology: A Reader's Guide. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
Criminology: A Reader’s Guide is a diverse collection of written pieces by faculty of the Centre for Criminology at the University of Toronto. The faculty at the Centre of Criminology continues to demonstrate a commitment to strengthening the study of criminology and understanding its impact in society. The topics of the essays in the book range from a variety of topics, including law and policy, policing, and crime and punishment. The contributions of the book are particularly noteworthy because each author provides insight into the various layers of criminology. Some of the titles include “Feminist Perspectives on Criminology” by Mariana Valverde, “Crime, Policing, and Punishment in England 1550-1850” by John Beattie, and “Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice” by W. Gordon West. These essays expand on and explore areas of criminology that continue to reform institutions and structures that will engender a better society. There is no doubt that the Centre of Criminology faculty and its students at the University of Toronto will continue to make insightful contributions to the study of criminology in the years to come.
Diversion Programs in Canada
Wortley, S., & Fischer, B. (2002). An Evaluation of the Toronto John School Diversion Program. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
The Toronto “John School” diversion program was created in 1996 to divert male offenders with prostitution-related charges outlined in section 213 of the Criminal Code into a day-long program to learn about the dangers and ramifications of street prostitution. Each offender is required to pay $400 to enroll in the program which is used toward helping prostitutes. The program is structured with educational material on prostitution, STDs, safe sex, and the public health concerns that soliciting prostitutes can create. More importantly, the diversion program allows the government to withdraw the criminal charges of offenders if they comply with the program requirements and at the end of the session, “graduate”. These diversion programs are useful to offenders because they can eliminate the prospect of a trial, a criminal conviction, salvage their reputation in society, and reduce the costs associated with the criminal justice process.
The “John School” is an example of the significance of diversion programs in Canada which direct offenders with no prior criminal record away from the Criminal Justice System. When given the opportunity to avoid a criminal record, diversion programs can be considered useful in granting individuals another chance to learn from their mistakes and to prevent them from committing future criminal conduct. The study conducted in 2002 from the Evaluation of the Toronto John School Diversion Program found that generally, support for the “John School” was increasing and that most participants of the program benefited from the curriculum. The “John School” can be considered useful in setting a precedent about the value of diversion programs in Canada which educate offenders about their charges instead of criminalizing them. This is particularly valuable for first-time offenders with no prior criminal record.
Centre for Criminology Publications
Click through below to explore the complete collection of books published by the Centre for Criminology
Adams, M.-L., Bannerji, H., Corrigan, P., Dean, M., Dehli, K., & Little, M. (1994). Studies in Moral Regulation (M. Valverde, Ed.). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
Bailey, J. S., & Hann, R. G. (1972). Systems Analysis and the Corrections System in Ontario: A Preliminary Study. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
Beattie, J., Christie, N., Benzvy-Miller, S., Ekstedt, J., LaPrairie, C., & Wilkins, L. (1995). Taking Responsibility: Citizen Involvement in the Criminal Justice System (W. Barnes, Ed.). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
Beattie, J. M. (1977). Attitudes towards crime and punishment in upper Canada, 1830-1850: a documentary study (L. M. Distad, Ed.). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
Criminal Justice in the Old World and the New: Essays in Honour of J.M. Beattie (A. N. May, S. Devereaux, & G. T. Smith, Eds.). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9960 .G72 E523 1998
Binnie, S. W. S. (1974). Parole and Ontario Reform Institution Inmates. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9960 .G72 E523 1998.
Carriere, K. D., Ericson, R. V., & University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology. (1989). Crime Stoppers: A Study in the Organization of Community Policing. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8073 .C33 1989
Catton, K., & Erickson, P. G. (1975). The Juvenile's Perception of the Role of Defence Counsel in Juvenile Court: A Pilot Study. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KF9709 .C28.
Chan, J. B. L., & Hagan, J. (1982). Law and the Chinese in Canada: A Case Study in Ethnic Perceptions of the Law. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KE4479 .C43 1982
Chan, J. B. L., & Matthews, C. J. (1992). Privatization of Correctional Services: A Select Bibliography. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6030 .C42 1992
Chappell, D., & Graham, L. P. (1985). Police Use of Deadly Force: Canadian Perspectives. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8158 .C48 1985
Courtis, M. C., & Dussuyer, I. (1970). Attitudes to Crime and the Police in Toronto: A Report on Some Survey Findings. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6810 .T6 C6
Denberg, D., Shearing, C. D., & Stenning, P. C. (1980). Police Training in Ontario: An Evaluation of Recruit and Supervisory Courses. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV7642 .O6 S43
Dickens, B. M. (1976). Legal Issues in Child Abuse. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV745 .A6 D5
Doob, A. N. (1991). Workshop on Collecting Race and Ethnicity Statistics in the Criminal Justice System : Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 16 October 1991. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6806 .W67 1991
Doob, A. N. (1993). Thinking about Police Resources. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV7243 .T45 1993
Doob, A. N., Baranek, P. M., & Addario, S. M. (1991). Understanding Justices: a Study of Canadian Justices of the Peace. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KE8325 .D66 1991
Doob, A. N., Macfarlane, D., & University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology. (1984). The Community Service Order for Youthful Offenders: Perceptions and Effects. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9109 .O6 D66 1983
Doob, A. N., Sprott, J. B., Marinos, V., & Varma, K. N. (1998). An Exploration of Ontario Residents' Views of Crime and the Criminal Justice System. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9960 .C22 O54 1998
Edwards, J. Ll. J. (Ed.). (1965). Modern Advances in Criminology: Four Public Lectures Given Under the Auspices of the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 1964-1965. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6028 .M55
Edwards, J. Ll. J. (1974). Proceedings of the National Symposium on Medical Sciences and the Criminal Law. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. RA1151 .N37 1973
Edwards, J. Ll. J., & Waller, J. I. (1972). National Conference on the Disposition of Offenders in Canada. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KF9685 .A75 N39 1972
Ericson, R. V., & Burtch, B. E. (1979). The Silent System: An Inquiry Into Prisoners who Suicide and [an] Annotated Bibliography. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6546 .B88
Ericson, R. V., & Chan, J. B. L. (1981). Decarceration and the Economy of Penal Reform. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9308 .C53
Ericson, R. V., Shearing, C. D., & Gladstone, J. (Eds.). (1991). Criminology: A Reader's Guide. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6028 .C75 1991
Farnell, M. B., & Shearing, C. D. (1977). Private Security: An Examination of Canadian Statistics, 1961-1971. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8099 .C2 F37
Finlay, T., Matthews, C. J., & University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology. (1996). Motorcycle Gangs: A Literature Search of Law Enforcement, Academic and Popular Sources : with a Chronology of Canadian Print News Coverage. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
Fox, R. G., Erickson, P. G., & Salutin, L. M. (1972). Apparently Suffering from Mental Disorder: An Examination of the Exercise of Police Power Under S. 10 of the Mental Health Act of Ontario. University of Toronto, Centre of Criminology. RA1151 .F68
Gouin, A., Petrocco, D., & Hopkins, D. (1993). Accountability in the Administration of Criminal Justice: A Selective Annotated Bibliography (V. A. Jansen, C. J. Matthews, & T. Landau, Compilers). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. Z5703.4 .C73 M38 1993
Graham, L. P., & Chappell, D. (1985). Police Use of Deadly Force: Canadian Perspectives. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8158 .C48 1985
Hann, R. G., Bailey, L., & Ross, M. (1973). Decision Making in the Canadian Criminal Court System: A Systems Analysis (Vol. 1). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. JL185 1973 .H35
Hann, R. G., Bailey, L., & Ross, M. (1973). Decision Making in the Canadian Criminal Court System: A Systems Analysis (Vol. 2). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. JL185 1973 .H35
James, L. (1971). Prisoners' Perceptions of Parole: A Survey of the National Parole System Conducted in the Penitentiaries of Ontario, Canada. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9309 .O6 J3
James, L. (1974). Influence in the Prison Environment. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9509 .O5 J35
Jeffries, F. (1977). Private Policing: An Examination of In-house Security Operations. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8290 .J4
Jeffries, F., Arthurs, S., Shearing, C. D., & Stenning, P. C. (Eds.). (1974). Private policing and security in Canada: a workshop convened by the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, October 16th and 17th, 1973: report of the proceedings. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8099 .C2A26 1973
Kidd, B. (2004). From Enforcement and Prevention to Civic Engagement: Research on Community Safety (J. Phillips, Ed.). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV7431 .F76 2004
Landau, T. (1994). Public Complaints Against the Police: A View from Complainants. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8160 .T63 L35 1994
Macfarlane, D. (Ed.). (1975). Background Papers for the Crime Prevention Workshop. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV7431 .C78 1975
Macfarlane, D. (Ed.). (1975). A Crime Prevention Workshop: Report of the Proceedings. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV7431 .C75 1975
Marinos, V., Varma, K. N., & Doob, A. N. (1995). Youth Crime and the Youth Justice System in Canada: A Research Perspective. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV7431 .C75 1975
McMahon, M. W., & Ericson, R. V. (1984). Policing Reform: A Study of the Reform Process and Police Institution in Toronto. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8160 .T6 M45 1984
National Conference on the Prevention of Crime. (1965). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6804 .N3 1965
Proceedings of the National Conference of Judges on Sentencing. (1964). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KF9685 .A75 N3 1964
Radically Rethinking Regulation: Workshop Report (M. Valverde, Compiler). (1994). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.
Roesch, R., Webster, C. D., Eaves, D., Menzies, R. J., Jackson, M. A., Sollner, R., Glackman, W., & Jensen, F. A.S. (1984). The Fitness Interview Test: A Method for Examining Fitness to Stand Trial. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto and the Criminology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University. KE8841 .R63 1984
Salzman, L. P., & Hann, R. G. (1976). CANCOURT-I: A Computerized System Simulation Model to Support Planning in Court Systems. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. JL185 1976 .H36
Schloss, B., & Giesbrecht, N. A. (1972). Murder in Canada: A Report on Capital and Non-capital Murder Statistics, 1961-1970. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6535 .C2 S34
Shearing, C. D., & University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology. (1984). Dial-a-cop: A Study of Police Mobilisation. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV7936 .C8 S5 1984
Stenning, P. C. (1981). Postal Security and Mail Opening: A Review of the Law. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KE2464 .S8
Stenning, P. C., Briggs, J., & Crouch, M. (1996). Police Governance in First Nations in Ontario. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8159 .O6 S74 1996
Stenning, P. C., & Cornish, M. F. (1975). The Legal Regulation and Control of Private Policing and Security in Canada: A Working Paper. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8099 .C2 S74
Stenning, P. C., Farnell, M. B., & Shearing, C. D. (1980). Contract Security in Ontario. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8099 .C22 O57
Stenning, P. C., & Macfarlane, D. (Eds.). (1975). Law in the School Curriculum: A Symposium : Report of the Proceedings, Convened by the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, June 5th, 1975. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. LC1117 .L3 1975
Stenning, P. C., & Moyer, S. (1981). Firearms Ownership and Use in Canada: A Report of Survey Findings, 1976. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. TS533.4 .C2 S8
Stenning, P. C., & University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology. (1981). Police Commissions and Boards in Canada. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV8157 .S74
Tanner, J., & Wortley, S. (2002). The Toronto Youth Crime & Victimization Survey: Overview Report. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV6250.4 Y68T87 2002
Valverde, M. (Ed.). (1997). New Forms of Governance: Theory, Practice, Research : Conference Proceedings. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. H97 .N484 1997
Voumvakis, S. E., & Ericson, R. V. (1984). News Accounts of Attacks on Women: A Comparison of Three Toronto Newspapers. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. PN4914 .W6 V68 1984
Waller, I. (1971). Men released from prison : a means toward understanding the correctional effectiveness of parole (Vol. 1). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9308 .W35 1971
Waller, I. (1971). Men released from prison: a means toward understanding the correctional effectiveness of parole (Vol. 2). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HV9308 .W35 1971
Webster, C. D., Dickens, B. M., & Addario, S. (1985). Constructing Dangerousness: Scientific, Legal and Policy Implications. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HN110 .Z9 V585 1985
Webster, C. D., & University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology. (1994). The Violence Prediction Scheme: Assessing Dangerousness in High Risk Men. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. RC569.5 .V55 V568 1994
Weir, L. (Ed.). (1997). Governing Medically Assisted Human Reproduction: Report of an International Symposium. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. RG133.5 .G68 1997
Wilkins, J. L. (1975). Legal Aid in the Criminal Courts (J. L.J. Edwards, Ed.). University of Toronto Press. HV685 .C34 W5
Wilkins, J. L. (1979). The Prosecution and The Courts. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KEO1175 .W55 1979
Willett, T. C., & Stenning, P. C. (1973). Proceedings of the Workshop on the Use of Sanctions in Controlling Behaviour on the Roads, convened by the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, December 13th and 14th, 1972. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. KE2114 .A66 1972
Workshop on Violence in Canadian Society: Report of the Proceedings. (1975). Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HN110 .Z9 V586 1975
Wortley, S., & Fischer, B. (2002). An Evaluation of the Toronto John School Diversion Program. Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. HQ150 .T6 W67 2002