Pre-World War I

Since the late 18th century, Ukraine had been under the rule of two empires: the Russian Empire in eastern and central Ukraine and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the west. National consciousness grew throughout the 19th century, and by the early 20th century there were many nationalist movements and parties throughout Ukraine.

In the Russian Empire, the 1905 Revolution lifted a ban on Ukrainian-language publishing that had been imposed since 1876 and allowed freedom of association, which increased the development of the Ukrainian movement. Free expression and association had a longer history in the Austrian Empire, where the western Ukrainian region of Galicia became central to the national movement. Polish-Ukrainian tensions were high in the Ukrainian regions of Galicia, where Poles, who made up about 25% of the local population, had dominated political and cultural life since the mid 19th century. Throughout Ukraine, many political parties, including the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, the Ukrainian Socialist Party, and the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party, combined ideas of national liberation and socialism.

Bunt v seli Vyshnivtsi = Бунт в селі Вишівці

Peasant uprising in the village of Vyshnivtsi in the Kievan gubernia.

Het zakon 3-ho iunia : nam potribno zahalnoho, rivnoho, priamoho i taĭnoho vyborchoho prava = Геть закон 3-го юня: нам потрібно загального, рівного, прямого і тайного виборчого права

A pamphlet from the Fourth Duma from 1912-1917 on behalf of the urban and rural workers written in Ukrainian, as well as a political platform piece published in the Russian 'Pravda' by the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party calling against 'electoral lawlessness'.

Moskophilismus, ukrainismus és a hazai Rusznákok

A brief piece outlining the Russian contingent in Hungary in the context of the other Slavic nationalities.

Narodnia sprava : pislia biloruskoho vydania P.P.S. = Народня справа: після білоруського виданя П.П.С.

A pamphlet issued by the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party.

Otsinka narysu programy Ukraïnskoï partyï sotsyialistychnoï = Оцінка нарису проґрами Української партиї социялістичної

A party brochure outlining the program of the Ukrainian Socialist Party.

Pid avstriĭsko-polskym panovaniem = Під австрійсько-польським панованєм

A speech given by the radical member of parliament, Mykola Lahodynskyi in the Austrian Parliament Building on June 14, 1910.

Pro novyĭ vyborchyĭ zakon do soĭmu = Про новий виборчий закон до сойму

A political pamphlet outlining the changes of the electoral laws in the Diet of Bukovina.

Prostyia riechi o vnutrennikh vragakh

A pamphlet by Julius Martov, one of the founders of the journal 'Iskra', along with Lenin, which became the main political newspaper of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

Ruski tovarystva dlia obezpechenia khudoby v Halychynï = Руські товариства для обезпеченя худоби в Галичинї

A report from the Society of 'Rural Farmers' in the matter of safeguarding livestock and the development of the conditions for associations protecting livestock in 1911.

The Russian plot to seize Galicia (Austrian Ruthenia)

A British press pamphlet by the Ukrainian journalist, Vladimir Stepankovsky, promoting the cause of the Ukrainian national movement in Austria-Hungary, warning against the Russian ambitions in Galicia.

Samostiĭna Ukraïna : promova = Самостійна Україна : промова

Mykola Mikhnovskyĭ's speech at the Taras Shevchenko anniversary celebrations in Poltava and Kharkiv in 1900, appears under the title 'Samostiina Ukraïna' which was published as a brochure by the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party and served as an early political program.

Shcho chuvaty z vyborchoiu reformoiu = Що чувати з виборчою реформою

A piece describing Baron Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn's proposed draft for an electoral reform in the Austrian Parliament for electing ministers to the House of Deputies. and its the ramifications for the 'Ruski khlop'.

Sud paniv nad robitnykom = Суд панів над робітником

The 1907 trial of William Dudley Haywood, the secretary of the Western Federation of Miners labour union, in which he was successfully acquitted of the charges of being involved in the murder of the Governor of Idaho, Frank Steunenberg.

Ukraïnsko-polska sprava v avstriĭskim parliamenti = Українсько-польська справа в Австрійскім парляменті

Speeches concerning Polish and Ukrainian political relations in Galicia by members of the Austrian parliament, Yatsko Ostapchuk and Semen Vityk, representing the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party, as well as Ignacy Daszyński, representing the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia. The brochure also contains an addition under the title 'IAk moskovskyĭ ianichar, Hliebovitskyĭ pliuvav v lytse svomu narodovy'.